Android versions {Android 版本}1. Android codenames, tags, and build numbers2. Android SDK Platform release notes2.1. Gradle files2.2. Code files3. Android API Levels4. Android ReleasesAndroid 1.0 - G1Android 1.5 - CupcakeAndroid 1.6 - DonutAndroid 2.0 - EclairAndroid 2.2 - FroyoAndroid 2.3 - GingerbreadAndroid 3.0 - HoneycombAndroid 4.0 - Ice Cream SandwichAndroid 4.1 - Jelly BeanAndroid 4.4 - KitKatAndroid 5.0 - LollipopAndroid 6.0 - MarshmallowAndroid 7.0 - NougatAndroid 8.0 - OreoAndroid 9 - PieAndroid 10 - Quince TartAndroid 11 - Red Velvet CakeAndroid 12 - Snow ConeAndroid 13 - TiramisuAndroid 14 - Upside Down CakeAndroid 15 - Vanilla Ice CreamAndroid 16 - BaklavaAndroid 17 - Cinnamon BunReferences1. Android codenames, tags, and build numbersCodenames, tags, and build numbershttps://source.android.com/docs/setup/reference/build-numbersAndroid development releases are organized into families, with alphabetical codenames.Android 开发版本按照英文字母的顺序采用代号划分为不同的系列。CodenameVersionAPI level/NDK releaseAndroid1515API level 35Android1414API level 34Android1313API level 33Android12L12API level 32Android1212API level 31Android1111API level 30Android1010API level 29Pie9API level 28Oreo8.1.0API level 27Oreo8.0.0API level 26Nougat7.1API level 25Nougat7.0API level 24Marshmallow6.0API level 23Lollipop5.1API level 22Lollipop5.0API level 21KitKat4.4 - 4.4.4API level 19Jelly Bean4.3.xAPI level 18Jelly Bean4.2.xAPI level 17Jelly Bean4.1.xAPI level 16Ice Cream Sandwich4.0.3 - 4.0.4API level 15, NDK 8Ice Cream Sandwich4.0.1 - 4.0.2API level 14, NDK 7Honeycomb3.2.xAPI level 13Honeycomb3.1API level 12, NDK 6Honeycomb3.0API level 11Gingerbread2.3.3 - 2.3.7API level 10Gingerbread2.3 - 2.3.2API level 9, NDK 5Froyo2.2.xAPI level 8, NDK 4Eclair2.1API level 7, NDK 3Eclair2.0.1API level 6Eclair2.0API level 5Donut1.6API level 4, NDK 2Cupcake1.5API level 3, NDK 1(no codename)1.1API level 2(no codename)1.0API level 12. Android SDK Platform release notesSDK Platform release noteshttps://developer.android.com/tools/releases/platformsIn the SDK Platforms tab, expand theAndroid API 35section and select theAndroid SDK Platform 35package.TheAndroid SDK Platformpackage. This is required to compile your app for that version.SeveralSystem Imagepackages. At least one of these is required to run that version on the Android Emulator.TheSources for Androidpackage. This includes the source files for the platform. Android Studio may show lines of code from these files while you debug your app.The revision numbers listed in the following sections are for theAndroid SDK Platformpackage only. The system images may receive separate updates, usually to resolve bugs with the emulator. There are no release notes for the system images, but you should always keep them up to date.Android 16 (API level 36) Android 15 (API level 35) Android 14 (API level 34) Android 13 (API level 33) Android 12 (API levels 31, 32) Android 11 (API level 30) Android 10 (API level 29) Android 9 (API level 28) Android 8.1 (API level 27) Android 8.0 (API level 26) Android 7.1 (API level 25) Android 7.0 (API level 24) Android 6.0 (API level 23) Android 5.1 (API level 22) Android 5.0 (API level 21) Android 4.4W (API level 20) Android 4.4 (API level 19) Android 4.3 (API level 18) Android 4.2 (API level 17) Android 4.1 (API level 16) Android 4.0.3 (API level 15) Android 4.0 (API level 14) Android 3.2 (API level 13) Android 3.1 (API level 12) Android 3.0 (API level 11) Android 2.3.3 (API level 10) Android 2.3 (API level 9)Android 4.4W is the first Android release for Android Wear.2.1. Gradle filesKotlin variableGroovy variableDefinitionminSdkminSdkVersionThe minimum SDK version your app will support, defined inbuild.gradle.targetSdktargetSdkVersionThe SDK version that your app targets, defined inbuild.gradle. This should always be the same ascompileSdk.compileSdkcompileSdkVersionThe SDK version that your app compiles against, defined inbuild.gradle. Android Studio uses this SDK version to build your AABs and APKs. This should always be the same astargetSdk.For example, if yourminSdkis 26, this SDK version corresponse to API Level 26 and Android 8, so your app will only run on devices with Android 8 or higher.2.2. Code filesVariableDefinitionBuild.VERSION.SDK_INTThe SDK version of the Android OS currently running on the user’s device. For example, on a device running Android 11, this value will be30(akaBuild.VERSION_CODES.R), even if the target and compile SDK of the app is different.3. Android API LevelsAndroid API Levelshttps://apilevels.com/Android API Levelshttps://github.com/ebelinski/apilevelsThis is an overview of all Android versions and their corresponding identifiers for Android developers.The codenames for Android 10 and above in the table are the internal codenames. Beginning with Android 10, Google dropped the usage of codenames publicly.The years represent the year of first stable release of each version. The release dates are fromandroid.os.Build.VERSION_CODESincluding later versions’ years from the Official Android blog (12, 12L, 13, 14)VersionSDK / API levelVersion codeInternal CodenameAndroid 17Level 37CINNAMON_BUNCinnamon BunAndroid 16Level 36BAKLAVABaklavaAndroid 15Level 35VANILLA_ICE_CREAMVanilla Ice CreamAndroid 14Level 34UPSIDE_DOWN_CAKEUpside Down CakeAndroid 13Level 33TIRAMISUTiramisuAndroid 12Level 32Android 12LS_V2Snow ConeAndroid 12Level 31Android 12SSnow ConeAndroid 11Level 30RRed Velvet CakeAndroid 10Level 29QQuince TartAndroid 9Level 28PPieAndroid 8Level 27Android 8.1O_MR1OreoAndroid 8Level 26Android 8.0OOreoAndroid 7Level 25Android 7.1N_MR1NougatAndroid 7Level 24Android 7.0NNougatAndroid 6Level 23MMarshmallowAndroid 5Level 22Android 5.1LOLLIPOP_MR1LollipopAndroid 5Level 21Android 5.0LOLLIPOP, LLollipopAndroid 4Level 20Android 4.4WKITKAT_WATCHKitKatAndroid 4Level 19Android 4.4KITKATKitKatAndroid 4Level 18Android 4.3JELLY_BEAN_MR2Jelly BeanAndroid 4Level 17Android 4.2JELLY_BEAN_MR1Jelly BeanAndroid 4Level 16Android 4.1JELLY_BEANJelly BeanAndroid 4Level 15Android 4.0.3 - 4.0.4ICE_CREAM_SANDWICH_MR1Ice Cream SandwichAndroid 4Level 14Android 4.0.1 - 4.0.2ICE_CREAM_SANDWICHIce Cream SandwichAndroid 3Level 13Android 3.2HONEYCOMB_MR2HoneycombAndroid 3Level 12Android 3.1HONEYCOMB_MR1HoneycombAndroid 3Level 11Android 3.0HONEYCOMBHoneycombAndroid 2Level 10Android 2.3.3 - 2.3.7GINGERBREAD_MR1GingerbreadAndroid 2Level 9Android 2.3.0 - 2.3.2GINGERBREADGingerbreadAndroid 2Level 8Android 2.2FROYOFroyoAndroid 2Level 7Android 2.1ECLAIR_MR1EclairAndroid 2Level 6Android 2.0.1ECLAIR_0_1EclairAndroid 2Level 5Android 2.0ECLAIREclairAndroid 1Level 4Android 1.6DONUTDonutAndroid 1Level 3Android 1.5CUPCAKECupcakeAndroid 1Level 2Android 1.1BASE_1_1Petit FourAndroid 1Level 1Android 1.0BASENone4. Android ReleasesAndroid Releaseshttps://developer.android.com/about/versionsAndroid 1.0 - G1Android 1.5 - CupcakeAndroid 1.6 - DonutAndroid 2.0 - EclairAndroid 2.2 - FroyoAndroid 2.3 - GingerbreadAndroid 3.0 - HoneycombAndroid 4.0 - Ice Cream SandwichAndroid 4.1 - Jelly BeanAndroid 4.4 - KitKathttps://developer.android.com/about/versions/kitkatAndroid 5.0 - Lollipophttps://developer.android.com/about/versions/lollipopAndroid 6.0 - Marshmallowhttps://developer.android.com/about/versions/marshmallowGet your apps ready for Android 6.0 Marshmallow! Explore what’s new - runtime permissions, Doze and App Standby power-saving features, new assist technology, and more.让您的应用为 Android 6.0 Marshmallow 做好充分准备了解新功能运行时权限、低电耗模式和应用待机模式省电功能、新的协助技术等。Android 7.0 - Nougathttps://developer.android.com/about/versions/nougatAndroid 7.0 brings new features for performance, productivity, and security. Test your apps with new system behaviors to save power and memory. Take advantage of multi-window UI, direct reply notifications and more.Android 7.0 提供新功能以提升性能、生产效率和安全性。通过新的系统行为测试您的应用以节省电量和内存。充分利用多窗口 UI、直接回复通知等功能。Android 8.0 - Oreohttps://developer.android.com/about/versions/oreohttps://developer.android.com/about/versions/oreo/android-8.0Smarter, faster, and more powerful than ever. The world’s favorite cookie is your new favorite Android release.更智能、更快速、功能更强大。您喜爱的新 Android 版本以全球人都爱的一款曲奇饼为代号。Oreo奥利奥饼干Android 9 - Piehttps://developer.android.com/about/versions/piehttps://developer.android.com/about/versions/pie/android-9.0Android 9 harnesses the power of artificial intelligence to give you more from your phone. Now it’s smarter, faster and adapts as you use it.Android 9 利用人工智能技术让手机可以为您提供更多帮助。现在手机变得更智能、更快并且还可以随着您的使用进行调整。harness [ˈhɑːnɪs]n. 马具挽具(用于人起固定或保护作用的) 背带保护带 vt. 控制利用 (以产生能量等)给 (马等) 上挽具用挽具把 ... 套到 ... 上Android 10 - Quince Tarthttps://developer.android.com/about/versions/10https://developer.android.com/about/versions/10/migrationBuild app experiences with dark theme and gesture navigation. Support new protections for user privacy and security. Extend your apps with high-performance codecs, better biometrics, faster app starts, Vulkan 1.1, NNAPI 1.2, foldables, 5G, and more!借助深色主题和手势导航打造应用体验。为确保用户隐私和安全支持新的保护措施。借助高性能编解码器、更出色的生物识别技术、更快的应用启动速度、Vulkan 1.1、NNAPI 1.2、可折叠设备和 5G 等更多功能扩展您的应用Android 11 - Red Velvet Cakehttps://developer.android.com/about/versions/11https://developer.android.com/about/versions/11/migrationPeople-centric and expressive, with a new controls space and more privacy features.以用户为中心又富有表现力且引入了新的控件空间及更多隐私功能。Extend your apps with conversation notifications and bubbles, try one-time permissions, surface devices and media in the controls. Work faster with tools like compatibility toggles, ADB incremental installs, and more!借助对话通知和对话泡扩展应用、试用单次授权、在控件中显示设备和媒体。兼容性切换开关、ADB 增量安装等诸多工具可助您提高工作效率bubble [ˈbʌbl]n. 气泡泡沫泡肥皂泡(欲表达的) 一点感情 vi. 起泡冒泡洋溢着 (某种感情)(移动时) 发出冒泡的声音强烈感受Android 12 - Snow Conehttps://developer.android.com/about/versions/12https://developer.android.com/about/versions/12/getA new system UI with Material You that’s expressive, dynamic, and personal. Extend your apps with redesigned widgets, AppSearch, Game Mode, and new codecs. Support new protections like privacy dashboard and approximate location. Improve productivity with rich content insertion, easier blurs, improved native debugging, and much more.使用 Material You 打造的全新系统界面富有表现力、活力和个性。使用重新设计的微件、AppSearch、游戏模式和新的编解码器扩展您的应用。支持隐私信息中心和大致位置等新的保护功能。使用富媒体内容插入功能、更简便的模糊处理功能、经过改进的原生调试功能等提高工作效率。blur [blɜː(r)]v. (使) 变得模糊不清(使) 视线模糊(使) 看不清(使) 难以区分 n. (移动的) 模糊形状模糊的记忆Android 13 - Tiramisuhttps://developer.android.com/about/versions/13https://developer.android.com/about/versions/13/getBuild for user privacy with photo picker and notification permission. Improve productivity with themed app icons, per-app languages, and clipboard preview. Build for modern standards like Bluetooth LE Audio and MIDI 2.0 over USB. Deliver a better experience on tablets and large screens.利用照片选择器和通知权限保护用户隐私。利用带主题的应用图标、按应用设定的语言和剪贴板预览提高效率。专为基于 USB 的蓝牙 LE 音频和 MIDI 2.0 等现代标准而构建。在平板电脑和大屏设备上提供更出色的体验。productivity [ˌprɒdʌkˈtɪvəti]n. 生产率生产效率Android 14 - Upside Down Cakehttps://developer.android.com/about/versions/14https://developer.android.com/about/versions/14/getAndroid 15 - Vanilla Ice Creamhttps://developer.android.com/about/versions/15https://developer.android.com/about/versions/15/getAndroid 16 - Baklavahttps://developer.android.com/about/versions/16https://developer.android.com/about/versions/16/getAndroid 17 - Cinnamon Bunhttps://developer.android.com/about/versions/17https://developer.android.com/about/versions/17/getReferences[1] Yongqiang Cheng (程永强), https://yongqiang.blog.csdn.net/[2] Android Releases, https://developer.android.com/about/versions[3] List of Android Past Versions and Latest Android OS Version with Names and Photos, https://newsnview.com/list-of-android-past-versions-and-latest-android-os-version-with-names-and-photos/[4] Android version history, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_version_history