CentOS8.4 初始化设置一. 命令提示符的修改[rootcentos8 ~]#touch /etc/profile.d/env.sh[rootcentos8 ~]#vim /etc/profile.d/env.sh[rootcentos8 ~]#cat /etc/profile.d/env.shPS1\[\e[1;36m\][\u\h \W]\\$\[\e[0m\]exportHISTTIMEFORMAT%F %T exportEDITORvim[rootcentos8 ~]# . /etc/profile.d/env.sh二、关闭防火墙[rootcentos8 ~]#systemctl disable --now firewalld三、关闭SELinux[rootcentos8 ~]#vim /etc/selinux/configSELINUXdisabled[rootcentos8 ~]#reboot四、修改网卡名[rootcentos8 ~]#cat /etc/default/grubGRUB_TIMEOUT5GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR$(seds, release .*$,,g/etc/system-release)GRUB_DEFAULTsavedGRUB_DISABLE_SUBMENUtrueGRUB_TERMINAL_OUTPUTconsoleGRUB_CMDLINE_LINUXrhgb quiet net.ifnames0GRUB_DISABLE_RECOVERYtrue[rootcentos8 ~]#grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg[rootcentos8 ~]#reboot五、修改IP地址和DNS[rootcentos8 ~]#uuidgen27dfd26f-faea-425f-a888-c6b4de8a2bf2[rootcentos8 ~]#cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0TYPEEthernetPROXY_METHODnoneBROWSER_ONLYnoBOOTPROTOstaticDEFROUTEyesIPV4_FAILURE_FATALnoIPV6INITyesIPV6_AUTOCONFyesIPV6_DEFROUTEyesIPV6_FAILURE_FATALnoIPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODEstable-privacyNAMEeth0UUID27dfd26f-faea-425f-a888-c6b4de8a2bf2DEVICEeth0ONBOOTyesIPADDR10.0.0.8PREFIX24DNS1223.5.5.5DNS2180.76.76.76GATEWAY10.0.0.2[rootcentos8 ~]#nmcli connection reload[rootcentos8 ~]#nmcli connection up eth0[rootcentos8 ~]#ip routedefault via10.0.0.2 dev eth0 proto static metric10010.0.0.0/24 dev eth0 proto kernel scopelinksrc10.0.0.8 metric100[rootcentos8 ~]#cat /etc/resolv.conf# Generated by NetworkManagernameserver223.5.5.5 nameserver180.76.76.76六、配置yum 源6.1、使用光盘挂载目录[rootcentos8 ~]#rpm -q autofspackage autofs is not installed[rootcentos8 ~]#dnf -y install autofs[rootcentos8 ~]#systemctl enable --now autofs[rootcentos8 ~]#systemctl status autofs● autofs.service - Automounts filesystems on demand Loaded: loaded(/usr/lib/systemd/system/autofs.service;enabled;vendor preset: disabled)Active: active(running)since Mon2026-07-1315:36:31 CST;21s ago Main PID:1295(automount)Tasks:5(limit:12244)Memory:1.7M CGroup: /system.slice/autofs.service └─1295 /usr/sbin/automount --systemd-service --dont-check-daemon[rootcentos8 ~]#cat /etc/auto.master/misc /etc/auto.misc[rootcentos8 ~]#systemctl restart autofs6.2、手动触发挂载测试[rootcentos8 ~]#cd /misc/cd[rootcentos8 cd]#ls -ltotal30dr-xr-xr-x4root root2048Jun22021AppStream dr-xr-xr-x4root root2048Jun22021BaseOS dr-xr-xr-x3root root2048Jun22021EFI dr-xr-xr-x3root root2048Jun22021images dr-xr-xr-x2root root2048Jun22021isolinux -r--r--r--1root root18092May272021LICENSE -r--r--r--1root root87Jun22021media.repo -r--r--r--1root root883Jun22021TRANS.TBL[rootcentos8 cd]#df /dev/sr0Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on /dev/sr0969564496956440100% /misc/cd6.3、创建yum仓库配置文件[rootcentos8 cd]#cd /etc/yum.repos.d/[rootcentos8 yum.repos.d]#mkdir bak[rootcentos8 yum.repos.d]#mv *.repo bak/[rootcentos8 yum.repos.d]#lsbak[rootcentos8 yum.repos.d]#ls /misc/cd/BaseOS/Packages repodata[rootcentos8 yum.repos.d]#ls /misc/cd/AppStream/Packages repodata[rootcentos8 yum.repos.d]#vim base.repo[rootcentos8 yum.repos.d]#cat base.repo[BaseOS]nameBaseOSbaseurlfile:///misc/cd/BaseOS https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/BaseOS/$basearch/os/ https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/centos/$releasever/BaseOS/$basearch/os/ https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/centos/$releasever/BaseOS/$basearch/os/gpgcheck1gpgkeyfile:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-centosofficialenabled1[AppStream]nameAppStreambaseurlfile:///misc/cd/AppStream https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/AppStream/$basearch/os/ https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/centos/$releasever/AppStream/$basearch/os/ https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/centos/$releasever/AppStream/$basearch/os/gpgcheck1gpgkeyfile:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-centosofficialenabled1[epel]nameEpelbaseurlhttps://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/$releasever/Everything/$basearch/ https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/epel/$releasever/Everything/$basearch/ https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/epel/$releasever/Everything/$basearch/gpgcheck1gpgkeyhttps://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-8enabled1[extras]nameExtrasbaseurlhttps://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/os/ https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/os/ https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/os/gpgcheck0enabled16.4、验证yum源[rootcentos8 yum.repos.d]#dnf repolistrepoidrepo name AppStream AppStream BaseOS BaseOS epel Epel extras Extras[rootcentos8 yum.repos.d]#dnf clean all[rootcentos8 yum.repos.d]#dnf makecache七、实现邮件通信[rootcentos8 ~]#dnf install postfix mailx -y[rootcentos8 ~]#systemctl enable --now postfix# 邮件配置文件/etc/mail.rc八、chrony时间同步#服务器端配置[rootcentos7 ~]#hostname -I10.0.0.7[rootcentos7 ~]#yum -y install chronyserver ntp.aliyun.com iburst server ntp1.aliyun.com iburst server ntp2.aliyun.com iburst server ntp3.aliyun.com iburst allow0.0.0.0/0#加此行,指定允许同步的网段localstratum10#删除此行注释,当互联网无法连接,仍然可以为客户端提供时间同步服务[rootcentos7 ~]#systemctl restart chronyd#服务启动后会打开端口123/udp[rootcentos7 ~]#ss -ntluNetid State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port udp UNCONN00*:123 *:* udp UNCONN00127.0.0.1:323 *:* udp UNCONN00[::1]:323[::]:* tcp LISTEN0128127.0.0.1:9000 *:* tcp LISTEN0128*:80 *:* tcp LISTEN0128*:22 *:* tcp LISTEN0100127.0.0.1:25 *:* tcp LISTEN0128[::]:22[::]:* tcp LISTEN0100[::1]:25[::]:*#客户端配置[rootcentos8 ~]#hostname -I10.0.0.8[rootcentos8 ~]#dnf install -y chrony[rootcentos8 ~]#vim /etc/chrony.confpool10.0.0.7 iburst[rootcentos8 ~]#systemctl restart chronyd.service#客户端确认同步成功[rootcentos8 ~]#chronyc sources -v.-- Source mode^server,peer,#localclock. / .- Source state*current best,combined,-not combined,|/xmay beinerror,~too variable,?unusable.||.- xxxx[yyyy]/- zzzz||Reachability register(octal)-.|xxxxadjusted offset,||Log2(Polling interval)--.||yyyymeasured offset,||\||zzzzestimated error.||||\MS Name/IP address Stratum Poll Reach LastRx Last sample^*10.0.0.7361740-3170ns[82us]/- 30ms九、shell 脚本自动加注释[rootcentos8 ~]#vim ~/.vimrc[rootcentos8 ~]#cat ~/.vimrcsetts4setexpandtabsetignorecase autocmd BufNewFile *.shexec:call SetTitle()func SetTitle()ifexpand(%:e)shcall setline(1,#!/bin/bash)call setline(2,#)call setline(3,#*************************************************************)call setline(4,#Author: chen)call setline(5,#QQ: 2088346053)call setline(6,#Date: .strftime(%Y-%m-%d))call setline(7,#FileName: .expand(%))call setline(8,#Description: The test script)call setline(9,#Copyright (C): .strftime(%Y). All rights reserved)call setline(10,#*************************************************************)call setline(11,)endif endfunc autocmd BufNewFile * normal G[rootcentos8 ~]#. ~/.vimrc十、修改时区[rootcentos8 ~]#timedatectl[rootcentos8 ~]#timedatectl set-timezone Asia/Shanghai[rootcentos8 ~]#timedatectlLocal time: Wed2026-07-08 06:50:51 CST Universal time: Tue2026-07-0722:50:51 UTC RTC time: Tue2026-07-0722:50:51 Time zone: Asia/Shanghai(CST, 0800)System clock synchronized:yesNTP service: active RTCinlocalTZ: no[rootcentos8 ~]#cat /etc/timezoneAsia/Shanghai[rootcentos8 ~]#vim /etc/default/locale[rootcentos8 ~]#reboot